Extended interview: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu

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Key takeaways

- Netanyahu says the military campaign has delayed Iran's nuclear programme but has not eliminated the threat. He claimed 20 leading nuclear scientists were killed—12 in the opening minute and eight later—yet enriched uranium, enrichment sites, missile production and Iranian proxies remain unresolved, with renewed military action still possible.

“But it sets them back.”

- Netanyahu said the February 11 decision with Trump was driven by the nuclear threat, not a guarantee of regime change. He disputed the New York Times account of a hard sell, saying both leaders understood that overthrowing the Islamic Republic was uncertain and military action carried risks.

“There was no certainty there. There was no guarantee.”

- The Strait of Hormuz crisis exposed a risk Netanyahu said became clearer as the fighting progressed. He acknowledged that Iran could disrupt global markets, but said Trump's blockade reversed the pressure and was now collapsing Iran's economy.

“I don't claim perfect foresight, and nobody had perfect foresight.”

- Israel claims to have destroyed more than 90% of Hezbollah's prewar arsenal of 150,000 rockets and missiles, but thousands remain. Netanyahu said 5,000 Radwan fighters had been ready to invade the Galilee and ruled out accepting a Lebanon ceasefire simply because the war with Iran ends.

“But that still leaves them with thousands of rockets.”

- Two of Netanyahu's four Gaza security conditions remain unmet: Hamas has not disarmed or demilitarised. He said weapons factories were largely reduced and smuggling curtailed, but warned that Israel may have to seize Hamas's remaining weapons if no international force is willing to do so.

“If it comes down to us, then we'll have to do it.”

- Netanyahu accepted that responsibility for the October 7 security failure extends from the prime minister down. He proposed an independent bipartisan commission with access to every witness and piece of evidence, promising to be its first witness.

“Everybody bears some responsibility. From the top, from the prime minister down.”

- Netanyahu proposed ending Israel's $3.8 billion annual US military assistance over the next decade. He wants both countries to contribute equal amounts to joint intelligence, weapons and missile-defence projects, replacing financial aid with a formal strategic partnership.

“Move from aid to partnership.”

- Netanyahu acknowledged Chinese military assistance to Iran's missile manufacturing, while describing Russia's direct military support as limited. He confirmed Chinese assistance with particular components but refused further details, and declined to disclose whether Russia was providing intelligence support.

“China gave certain amount of support on particular components of missile manufacturing but I can't say more than that.”

All points

4712 words

- The war with Iran remains unfinished. Netanyahu said Iran's enriched uranium must be removed, enrichment facilities dismantled, its proxy network addressed, and its ballistic missile capabilities prevented from being rebuilt. Although Israeli and American military operations have degraded these capabilities, he acknowledged that the underlying threats remain.

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- Israel and the United States prefer economic pressure but retain the option of renewed military action. Netanyahu said an agreement must cover nuclear material, enrichment facilities, missile production and Iranian proxies. He supports President Trump's blockade and economic pressure if they achieve those objectives, but said both countries agree military action may be necessary again.

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- Netanyahu refused to explain how enriched uranium might be seized by force. Asked whether Israeli and American special forces could work together under international supervision, he said physically removing the material was possible, particularly under an agreement. He repeatedly declined to discuss military plans or whether the operation could proceed without Iranian agreement, and provided no timetable.

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- Netanyahu presented preventing an Iranian nuclear weapon as the central justification for the war. He claimed Iran was very close to producing a bomb and would have achieved it within a month or two without the two military operations. He described Iran as committed to destroying Israel and America, citing attacks on American personnel and interests and alleged assassination attempts against US officials.

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- Trump's opposition to Iranian nuclear weapons predates his current military cooperation with Israel. Netanyahu recalled meeting Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump before the 2016 election, when Trump told him he would withdraw from the Iran nuclear agreement. In 2024, after meeting Joe Biden and Kamala Harris in Washington, Netanyahu met Trump at Mar-a-Lago and heard the same commitment again.

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- Trump's first-term sanctions slowed Iran's nuclear programme but did not stop it. Netanyahu said sanctions sharply reduced Iranian oil exports and brought significant economic pressure, but Iran eventually resumed enrichment and renewed its efforts to develop nuclear weapons. He identified Iran's approaching nuclear capability as the reason military action eventually replaced reliance on sanctions.

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- Netanyahu described the Iranian regime as its weakest since the 1979 revolution. He said the hardliners remain committed to their ideology, but Israeli-American strikes destroyed important parts of Iran's economic infrastructure, including petrochemical and steel plants supplying materials for rockets and ballistic missiles. He described an internal disagreement between officials wanting to continue the confrontation and those fearing economic collapse and another popular uprising.

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- Khamenei's physical condition and authority remain uncertain. Netanyahu believes the Supreme Leader is alive and hiding in a bunker or another secret location, but cannot establish his condition. He suggested Khamenei no longer exercises the authority his father once held, contributing to the regime's internal instability.

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- Netanyahu withheld his assessment of who could negotiate a durable Iranian agreement. He said he had formed opinions about potential Iranian negotiators and had shared them with President Trump, but refused to disclose them publicly.

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- Hezbollah entered the conflict with an estimated 150,000 rockets and ballistic missiles. Netanyahu described this as the world's densest concentration of projectiles, intended to threaten Israeli cities including Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and Haifa. He claimed Israel destroyed more than 90% of that arsenal, but acknowledged that thousands of rockets and some ballistic missiles remain.

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- Netanyahu distinguishes Lebanon's government from Hezbollah, which he describes as an Iranian occupation by proxy. He said Israel has no quarrel with Lebanon and would welcome peace immediately, but argued that Hezbollah has effectively hijacked the country and that Lebanon's government has historically been unable to confront it.

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- Israel entered Lebanon to prevent a repeat of the October 7 invasion. Netanyahu claimed Hezbollah had prepared approximately 5,000 Radwan force fighters to invade Israel's Galilee region. Israel pushed them back and established a security belt intended to prevent incursions and anti-tank missile attacks on Israeli homes, although rockets and armed drones remain a threat.

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- Israel wants cooperation with Lebanon to dismantle Hezbollah but questions the Lebanese government's ability to do so. Netanyahu said many Lebanese people want freedom from Hezbollah but have not demonstrated the capacity to defeat it. Discussions with Lebanese officials involve potentially dividing the military and political responsibilities for removing the organisation.

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- Israel will not accept an Iran ceasefire that allows Hezbollah to continue threatening Israeli communities. Netanyahu said Iran would prefer to extend any agreement to Lebanon so Hezbollah could remain intact. He rejected that outcome, even when asked whether he would accept it if President Trump requested it, arguing that Hezbollah's remaining rockets and drones still threaten Israeli cities.

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- Netanyahu believes the collapse of Iran's regime would seriously weaken its regional proxy network. He predicted that Hamas and the Houthis would also suffer if the Iranian regime collapsed because their wider support structure would be damaged. He acknowledged that this outcome is not guaranteed and would require sustained pressure.

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- He considers the overthrow of Iran's government possible but impossible to guarantee or predict. He compared the potential collapse with the unexpected falls of the Soviet Union, Romania's Ceausescu dictatorship and Syria's government. His argument was that authoritarian regimes can weaken gradually before collapsing suddenly.

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- Netanyahu linked Iranian street protests to the earlier Israeli and American military operations. He said demonstrations followed Operation Rising Lion and the American Operation Midnight Hammer, as economic conditions deteriorated and Iranians witnessed Israeli aircraft operating over Tehran. He claimed security forces subsequently killed, wounded and maimed protesters by the tens of thousands.

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- He believes the Iranian regime has lost much of its legitimacy and survives through repression. Netanyahu argued that Iranians now understand their government is not invincible and that brute force is keeping it in power. He believes another uprising could occur, although he cannot guarantee when or whether it will happen.

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- Israeli intelligence's ability to locate Iranian leaders does not automatically give it the ability to produce a revolution. Netanyahu agreed that intelligence can identify senior figures with remarkable precision but described that capability as necessary rather than sufficient for regime change. He said Iran's security apparatus is extensive, estimating that one in every 100 Iranians belongs to the secret police, which he accused of being prepared to massacre protesters.

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- Netanyahu defended Israel's targeted operations as exceptionally precise. He cited the pager and beeper operation, claiming approximately 2,500 people were incapacitated rather than killed and that the operation caused no collateral damage. He also cited attacks against Iranian nuclear scientists, military commanders and political leaders, while acknowledging that such operations cannot guarantee a popular revolution.

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- Netanyahu disputed the New York Times account of his February 11 White House meeting with Trump. The newspaper reported that Netanyahu had argued Iran was ripe for regime change and that a joint US-Israeli operation could end the Islamic Republic. Netanyahu denied presenting regime change as guaranteed, insisting that both governments understood the uncertainty and risks involved.

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- He said the urgency of military action was connected to Iran moving its nuclear and missile industries underground. Netanyahu claimed Iran intended to relocate missile factories and nuclear facilities beneath heavily protected mountains beyond the reach of American B-2 bombers. Removing Iranian leadership was part of the proposed military action, but he said its ultimate success remained uncertain.

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- The Strait of Hormuz became a major strategic risk during the conflict. Netanyahu said the scale of the danger became clearer as fighting progressed and that Iran underestimated the international response to disrupting a critical maritime route. He argued that Iran could cause global market disruption but that the resulting blockade and economic pressure were now contributing to the collapse of its economy.

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- Netanyahu rejected the suggestion that the original military planning treated regional risks as minimal. He said he did not remember using that language and acknowledged that neither side possessed perfect foresight. He identified the Iranian nuclear threat, rather than the intelligence opportunity to locate Khamenei, as the primary reason for military action.

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- Netanyahu believes Israel has fundamentally changed its position in the Middle East. He said Israel has broken the Iranian-led terrorist axis and emerged as the region's most powerful country, although Iran, Hamas and other hostile organisations have not disappeared. He argued that they no longer present the same existential threat they did before the military campaigns.

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- He described the US-Israel relationship as stronger than ever. Netanyahu cited a recent American national security memorandum that reportedly described Israel as the United States' model ally. He portrayed Israel's transformation as a move from facing possible annihilation to possessing substantial regional military and strategic influence.

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- Netanyahu expects the Abraham Accords to expand. He credited himself and President Trump with establishing peace agreements with four Arab countries and believes the changing balance of power against Iran has created opportunities for deeper relationships with additional Arab states.

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- Gulf states may simultaneously fear Iran's survival and Israel's growing regional dominance. The interviewer cited a Wall Street Journal report warning that an agreement addressing only nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles could leave Iran's shorter-range missiles and allied militias intact. The report also suggested Gulf monarchies were concerned about Israel exercising strategic dominance over the Middle East.

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- Netanyahu claimed some Arab governments privately want stronger alliances with Israel. He said certain countries see Israeli cooperation as a way to deter Iran, improve their defences and gain access to Israeli capabilities. He suggested the extent of this cooperation is greater than publicly understood.

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- Regional cooperation is expanding beyond security into energy, AI and quantum technology. Netanyahu described Israel as a small country of approximately 10 million people with exceptional technological talent. He said Arab governments increasingly recognise the economic and strategic benefits of sharing these capabilities with Israel.

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- Netanyahu believes overwhelming strength can eventually change the calculations of hostile governments. Referring to his October 2025 discussion about destroying the hope of fanatical movements, he said successive wars had convinced much of the Arab world that Israel could not be eliminated. However, he argued that Iran's hardliners are not easily persuaded and require sustained pressure and resolve.

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- He warned that Iran's missile capabilities could eventually threaten the United States. Netanyahu cited an Iranian missile reportedly capable of reaching Diego Garcia, approximately 2,400–2,600 miles away, and compared that with the distance to the continental United States of more than 6,000 miles. He argued that allowing Iran to develop nuclear weapons and suitable delivery systems would eventually put American cities at risk.

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- Netanyahu's political philosophy centres on the willingness of free societies to defend themselves. He argued that survival and freedom are not guaranteed by good intentions or hope, but by determination and, when necessary, military force. He cited Will Durant's The Lessons of History and criticised elements of Western Europe and American society for treating resistance to evil as inherently unacceptable.

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- He used personal experiences of war to explain his position. Netanyahu said a fellow soldier died in his arms at age 18, his brother died rescuing hostages, and he himself was wounded during a hostage-release operation. He described the grief experienced by his parents and other families, insisted that war is horrific, and argued that civilian casualties must be avoided even when military action becomes unavoidable.

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- Netanyahu claimed Israel has made extensive efforts to protect civilians in Gaza and Lebanon. He cited millions of text messages, telephone calls, pamphlets and leaflets warning civilians to leave dangerous areas. He accused Hamas and Hezbollah of deliberately keeping civilians in harm's way and claimed Hamas had shot civilians attempting to evacuate.

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- He claimed Israel's civilian-to-combatant casualty ratio is among the lowest in modern urban warfare. Netanyahu used this argument to reject accusations of genocide and said Israel's civilian protection efforts were being misrepresented. These were his claims about the conduct of the war, rather than independently established findings presented during the interview.

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- Netanyahu attributed much of the deterioration in American support for Israel to foreign manipulation of social media. He alleged that several countries operated bot farms and fake accounts designed to undermine American sympathy for Israel and weaken the US-Israel alliance. He gave the example of an apparently pro-Israel Texan social media voice that he claimed could be traced to an address in Pakistan.

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- He described social media as Israel's neglected eighth front. While Israel was fighting on seven military fronts, Netanyahu said it had failed to prepare for the digital information war. He compared opponents' social-media capabilities to F-35 aircraft and Israel's response to Polish cavalry, arguing that Israel must develop democratic methods of reaching younger Americans without resorting to censorship.

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- Netanyahu denied personal responsibility for declining American support but acknowledged that Israel's messaging had failed. He argued that foreign operations were also attempting to divide Americans internally, including through universities and academic curricula. When challenged about whether Americans might have changed their views organically, he said the Gaza war had damaged Israel's image but had intensified a decline that was already underway before October 7.

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- He connected the information war to America's broader understanding of itself. Netanyahu argued that foreign campaigns were not simply attacking Israel or the bilateral relationship but were attempting to weaken American unity and confidence in the country's own history and democratic values. He said younger Americans should remain proud of the United States and its contribution to free societies.

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- Netanyahu wants American military financial assistance to Israel eventually reduced to zero. He said Israel currently receives approximately $3.8 billion annually and wants to end that financial component of military cooperation. He argued that Israel's economy has become sufficiently strong after three years of war, citing its currency, stock market and high-technology industries.

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- He proposes replacing military aid with equally funded US-Israeli projects. Netanyahu wants joint programmes covering intelligence, weapons development and missile defence, with both countries contributing the same amount and sharing the resulting capabilities. He said the transition should begin immediately and take approximately ten years, although it could happen faster.

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- Netanyahu presented Israel's economic transformation as a precedent for ending military aid. He recalled addressing the US Congress in 1996 and promising to turn Israel into a free-market, high-technology economy that could eventually stop relying on financial assistance. He said his advisers opposed the idea because of the economic importance of aid, but maintained that the transformation succeeded and that the same approach should now apply to military assistance.

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- He argued that Israel contributes substantial intelligence and technology to the United States. Netanyahu cited General Keane's reported assessment that Israeli intelligence was worth five CIAs, although he qualified the comparison and said he respected the CIA. He emphasised Israel's intelligence sharing, technological contributions and appreciation of American support.

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- Netanyahu agreed that Israel has become America's most important special relationship. The interviewer cited a British ambassador's private assessment that the traditional US-UK special relationship had effectively shifted to the US-Israel relationship. Netanyahu said he agreed with that assessment.

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- He confirmed that China had provided Iran with some assistance for missile manufacturing. Netanyahu acknowledged Chinese support involving particular components but refused to disclose further details. He said he disliked the assistance and argued that China should prefer secure international waterways for its energy supplies rather than allowing Iran to control them.

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- Netanyahu called for US-China cooperation to manage artificial intelligence risks. He argued that international relations are not always zero-sum and suggested Trump and Xi should discuss how to maximise AI's benefits while jointly controlling its dangers. He also questioned whether China really wanted a nuclear-armed Iranian regime committed to exporting Islamist revolution.

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- He described Russia's current military support for Iran as limited. Netanyahu acknowledged earlier cooperation between Russia and Iran, particularly Iranian drone supplies during the initial stages of the Ukraine war. He said Russia was providing little direct military assistance to Iran in the current conflict, possibly because their interests sometimes diverge, but declined to discuss intelligence cooperation.

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- Hamas has failed to meet two of the four conditions Netanyahu identified for Gaza. He said Hamas has neither disarmed nor demilitarised. Weapons factories have been substantially reduced, while weapons smuggling has been curtailed through Israel's encirclement of Hamas and control of the Philadelphia corridor connecting Gaza's supply routes to Sinai.

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- Hamas was supposed to disarm and demilitarise voluntarily under the 20-point agreement but reneged. Netanyahu said those first two conditions remain unfulfilled, while the other two have been largely achieved. He added a third requirement: Gaza must also be deradicalised.

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- Netanyahu questioned whether international forces would actually enter Gaza to disarm Hamas. He challenged the interviewer to identify countries willing to send troops to confront Hamas fighters and seize their AK-47 rifles. He claimed Hamas uses these weapons to terrorise Gazans and extort money through inflated prices for goods, rather than relying only on conventional military equipment.

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- Israel may ultimately have to disarm Hamas itself. Netanyahu said that if no other country is willing to do the job, Israel will have to consider doing it, choosing its own timing and circumstances. He acknowledged that Hamas's threat from Gaza has been reduced but insisted that disarmament and demilitarisation remain unfinished and that Hamas must never again threaten Israel.

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- Netanyahu rejected the accusation that he has an appetite for war. He said he had been regarded as one of Israel's most militarily restrained prime ministers before October 7, despite conducting three major Gaza operations. He claimed he avoided sending ground forces into Gaza apart from operations involving tunnels because he understood the human cost of ground warfare.

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- He described October 7 as an attack by the wider Iranian axis, not simply Hamas. Netanyahu said he believed Israel was facing an organised attempt to annihilate the Jewish state through simultaneous threats. He identified subsequent campaigns against Hamas, the Assad regime—which he said Israel helped bring down—Iran and later the Houthis as parts of a broader strategy to change the Middle East.

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- Netanyahu credited Israeli national unity and historical determination for the country's military resilience. He said Jewish and non-Jewish Israeli citizens put aside their internal divisions and stood together after October 7. He invoked Jewish history, expulsions, massacres and the Holocaust to explain why Israelis would not accept another existential threat.

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- He claimed some Iranians regard Israel as fighting for their freedom. Netanyahu said streets and public squares in Iran had been named after him and Trump, although Revolutionary Guards reportedly removed the signs. He said the name used for him was "BB Jun" and argued that Iranians understand Israel is fighting not only for itself but also against their government.

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- Netanyahu framed the conflict as a wider struggle against militant Islam. He argued that European leaders fail to understand that confronting Iran and its proxies also prevents militant Islam from expanding into their own countries. He described Israel's campaign as a defence of civilisation against extremist organisations that disregard human rights.

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- He cited violence against Druze people in Syria to explain why he considers the fight necessary. Netanyahu described an alleged incident in which Islamists removed and ate a Druze man's heart while the victim was still alive, calling it pure evil. He accepted that he is militant in opposing such violence but rejected the idea that this means he seeks war for its own sake.

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- Netanyahu denied that Israel conducts indiscriminate military operations and claimed approximately 2,000 terrorists had been killed. He said Israeli forces take particular care when targeting militants in Iran, Lebanon and Gaza, while accusing their opponents of embedding themselves among civilians and using resulting deaths as propaganda. He described every civilian death as a tragedy for Israel but a deliberate strategy for its enemies.

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- He compared criticism of his military policy with the treatment of Winston Churchill before the Second World War. Netanyahu said Churchill was called a warmonger for insisting that Hitler had to be confronted, despite ultimately winning the war. He acknowledged that military leadership carries electoral consequences and joked that supporters calling him a king forget that he must still win elections.

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- Netanyahu described antisemitism as a recurring historical pattern of vilification followed by violence. He cited two millennia of Jewish expulsions and massacres, preceded by accusations that Jews spread disease, poisoned wells or threatened society. He said antisemitism became socially unacceptable for roughly 80 years after the Holocaust but has now returned.

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- He pointed to recent attacks on Jewish people in America, Europe and Australia. Netanyahu referred to an incident involving a Jewish couple working for Israel's embassy in Washington near the Holocaust Museum. He presented such incidents as evidence of the renewed hostility directed towards Jewish communities.

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- The interviewer challenged Netanyahu over the weakening of bipartisan American support for Israel. Major Garrett said that since his career began in Washington in 1990, support for Israel had generally been the default position of both Republicans and Democrats, but that this was now less reliable. Netanyahu responded that antisemitism moves through historical cycles and pointed to its presence in 1930s America, including the influence of Father Coughlin.

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- Netanyahu suggested jealousy of Israel's success as one explanation for antisemitism. He argued that a successful and powerful country can provoke envy, although he explicitly acknowledged that this does not explain the entire phenomenon. He also referred to his father's historical work on antisemitism and said the subject has several possible explanations.

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- He argued that Israel's military strength prevents historical vilification from becoming another massacre of Jewish people. Netanyahu said the Jewish state now possesses the military capability to defend itself, unlike Jewish communities throughout much of their previous history. He suggested that strength can generate respect, including among some Arab neighbours.

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- Netanyahu claimed Israel remains popular in India and parts of the Arab world. He said many Americans continue to support Israel and singled out India as particularly favourable, describing Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to Israel and his own visit with his wife Sarah as exceptionally positive experiences. He also claimed that some Arab countries increasingly respect Israel and want closer relations.

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- He accused major media organisations of overlooking developments favourable to Israel. Using a play on the New York Times slogan, Netanyahu suggested that the newspaper publishes only news that fits its preferred narrative. He said Israel must counter propaganda, maintain confidence in its cause, continue developing its economy, pursue peace through strength and cooperate with Trump on ending the Iranian conflict.

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- Netanyahu accepted that responsibility for October 7 extends from the prime minister down through the security establishment. The interviewer listed the defence minister, military chief, intelligence leadership, Israeli Secret Service chief and Air Force leadership as officials who had left or been dismissed, with the Mossad chief also approaching departure. Netanyahu said some departures reflected the end of appointments, but insisted that everybody bears some responsibility, including himself.

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- He proposed an independent bipartisan investigation into the October 7 security failure. Netanyahu suggested a commission modelled on the American investigation following September 11, with authority to obtain any witness or evidence. He said this would establish the truth outside partisan politics and promised to be the first person to appear before it.

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- Netanyahu distinguished responsibility for the October 7 failure from his responsibility for the subsequent war. He said that after October 7 his responsibility was to remove Israel from the Iranian-backed network of threats surrounding it. He described a systematic campaign across seven fronts to reverse the regional balance of power.

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- He identified the degradation of Iran's nuclear programme as one of Israel's greatest military achievements. Netanyahu highlighted the killing of 20 leading nuclear scientists, claiming that 12 were killed in the first minute of Operation Rising Lion and another eight in the current operation. He acknowledged that removing scientists does not eliminate all technical knowledge but argued that it substantially delays Iran's ability to develop a nuclear arsenal.

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- Netanyahu described preventing Iran from obtaining a nuclear arsenal as Israel's greatest achievement. He referred to Israel's population of approximately 10 million and an Iranian leader's description of the country as a "one-bomb country." His argument was that a single Iranian nuclear weapon could threaten Israel's existence and that the military operations prevented that immediate danger.

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- He said Israel had broken the assumption that Iran could never be attacked on its own territory. Netanyahu argued that for 47 years Iran had intimidated neighbouring countries while operating with apparent impunity. The sight of Israeli and American aircraft operating over Tehran and Iranian territory, he said, destroyed the regime's image of invulnerability and made its eventual collapse more likely.

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- Netanyahu expects the war to be shorter than years but would not commit to a timetable. He said the conflict should not take years and hoped it would not take months, although the timing depends on achieving the remaining mission objectives. He maintained that an enormous amount had already been accomplished in a relatively short period.

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- Netanyahu rejected the suggestion that Israel has an institutional hostility towards Christians. Asked about Cardinal Pizzaballa's Easter access, the defacement of a crucifix in Lebanon and an assault on a nun in Jerusalem, he said these incidents contradicted Israel's values. He argued that Christianity has survived and prospered in Israel while Christian communities have suffered persecution elsewhere in the Middle East.

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- He said the individuals responsible for the incidents involving Christians were facing consequences. Netanyahu stated that the Israeli soldier who tore down a crucifix was in jail and the man who attacked a nun was on trial. He presented these cases as misconduct rather than government policy.

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- Netanyahu personally intervened when Cardinal Pizzaballa was prevented from accessing a holy site. He explained that a policeman had closed Jewish, Christian and Muslim holy sites during Iranian missile attacks near the Temple Mount to prevent casualties. Netanyahu said he immediately ordered an exception for the third-ranking figure in the Catholic Church and reopened access.

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- He cited Christian soldiers serving voluntarily in the Israeli military as evidence of Israel's relationship with Christianity. Netanyahu said he had recently met approximately 50 young Christian men and women serving alongside Jewish soldiers. He also claimed Bethlehem's Christian population declined from approximately 80% to 20% after the Oslo Accords transferred the town to Palestinian Authority control.

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- Netanyahu acknowledged that Israeli forces have made mistakes in Gaza and the West Bank. He accepted that armies sometimes miss their targets and civilians die, describing these incidents as mistakes rather than deliberate policy. He compared Israeli operations with American experiences in Fallujah and Afghanistan, arguing that other forces have sometimes suffered greater civilian casualties in proportion.

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- He maintained that minimising civilian casualties is part of Israeli military training and doctrine. Netanyahu said the Israeli military makes extraordinary efforts to conduct surgical operations, but acknowledged that those efforts do not always succeed. He insisted that protecting civilians is part of the army's values and convictions.

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- Netanyahu conceded that Israel has performed poorly in the propaganda and information war. He argued that social media allows repeated allegations and selected images to shape public perceptions, even when those portrayals are misleading. He said Israel had effectively left this battlefield to its opponents and must now respond more forcefully through evidence and truth rather than censorship.

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