Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth's extended 60 Minutes interview

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Key takeaways

- The campaign is only six days old, despite claims that the mission is nearly accomplished. The secretary said Iranian missile shots were down 90%, but U.S. forces were still targeting launchers, missiles, production facilities and drones, and had not yet begun the major conventional-bombing phase.

“This is only just the beginning.”

- Washington is deliberately refusing to define the campaign's military limits. The secretary said no U.S. forces were inside Iran, but reserved the right to deploy them, and declined to explain how the United States would locate or remove Iran's highly enriched uranium.

“We're willing to go as far as we need to in order to be successful.”

- Intelligence is moving in both directions, but Washington says it controls the decision to act. CBS cited three sources alleging Russia is sharing U.S. positions with Iran; the secretary also addressed reports of Israeli intelligence on Ali Khamenei, saying American agencies verify intelligence and Washington controls the timing of operations.

“We were always controlling the throttle about whether or not to go or not go.”

- The United States has not ruled itself out as responsible for the girls' school strike. Two officials reportedly assessed U.S. involvement as likely, but the secretary said the investigation was unfinished and declined to state that American forces were not responsible.

“It's being investigated, which is the only answer I'm prepared to give.”

- The administration is prepared to accept energy-price disruption while attacking Iran's ability to threaten the Strait of Hormuz. The secretary said Iran's navy was largely destroyed but more boats remained, and that higher oil and gas prices would not limit the campaign; allies are expected to help mitigate disruption.

“Not allowing that to be a limiting factor.”

- The administration rejects the label of a regime-change war while urging Iranians to seize an opening for political change. The secretary said Iran's people would decide what followed and that U.S.-Israeli strikes offered them an opportunity, while Kurdish intervention was outside the stated mission.

“What happens, how that gets followed through with, they'll choose.”

- A $1.5 trillion defense budget proposal is being used to justify a long-term expansion of munitions production. The secretary said contractors were receiving demand signals for years of critical weapons and would be pressed to deliver faster, at scale and under cost, despite current stocks exceeding campaign projections.

“Speed, scale, under cost.”

- The administration expects further American deaths and says they will not change its commitment to the operation. The secretary warned that more casualties were coming, promised to receive fallen personnel at Dover, and said losses would stiffen rather than weaken U.S. resolve.

“There will be more casualties.”

All points

4017 words

- Russia is reportedly supplying Iran with intelligence on U.S. military positions and movements. The interviewer cited a CBS News report based on three sources. The secretary said U.S. intelligence agencies and CENTCOM were tracking the information, assessing its accuracy, identifying who was communicating with whom, and incorporating it into American battle plans.

- Trump is prepared to confront Russian involvement through direct and indirect communications. The secretary said Trump has relationships with world leaders that allow him to deliver messages personally or through cabinet members. He contrasted this approach with the Biden administration, claiming Trump can achieve results previous presidents could not.

- The secretary dismissed concerns that Russian intelligence-sharing was placing American personnel in additional danger. He argued that U.S. commanders were already accounting for the threat and said American military operations were putting Iranian forces in danger rather than the other way around.

- Trump has declared that there will be no agreement with Iran except unconditional surrender. The secretary defined surrender as Iran becoming combat ineffective and losing the ability to fight, project power, launch missiles, confront American forces, or disrupt shipping. A formal surrender ceremony would not be necessary.

- Washington intends to determine when Iran has effectively surrendered. The secretary repeatedly emphasized that Trump would set the terms, decide when American objectives had been achieved, and determine when Iran was no longer capable of fighting. Iran's willingness to publicly acknowledge defeat was presented as irrelevant.

- The administration insists that American military capabilities, ammunition and political will are not limited. The secretary said the United States had only begun fighting and was just starting to increase its military effort. He warned that Iran had underestimated Trump's determination and would gradually discover the depth of American capabilities.

- Iran's eight-year war with Iraq was raised as evidence that Iran might not surrender easily. The secretary acknowledged the prolonged conflict but argued that the current American approach was different from previous U.S. wars. He said Iran's ability to fight, project power, launch missiles and disrupt shipping would ultimately determine the outcome.

- The legal classification of the conflict remains a subject of debate. Speaker of the House Mike Johnson had said the United States was not at war. Asked whether America was actually at war, the secretary said lawyers would debate the terminology and that the administration was ensuring its legal position was properly established.

- The secretary defended the Department of War's name change. He said the change from Department of Defense was not intended to signal an appetite for more wars. The administration wanted peace but was prepared to call a conflict a war, campaign, operation or contingency and fight to win when necessary.

- The administration distinguishes its Iran campaign from the previous American wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The secretary criticized the George W. Bush administration's deployment of hundreds of thousands of troops, unclear objectives, and dissolution of Iraqi security forces, which he said helped unleash an insurgency. He cited more than a decade of fighting, thousands of American deaths and trillions of dollars in costs.

- Trump's stated approach is to establish clear objectives, provide overwhelming military resources and bring American personnel home once the mission is complete. The secretary described this as an America First strategy focused on protecting American people and interests rather than attempting to rebuild foreign societies.

- The administration says the military campaign is progressing according to plan, but does not consider it finished. Speaker Johnson had described the mission as nearly accomplished by most estimates. The secretary agreed that operations were on track following his visit to CENTCOM but rejected comparisons with George W. Bush's premature 2003 Mission Accomplished declaration.

- The United States and Israel possess an overwhelming air-power advantage over Iran. The secretary described their combined air forces as the two most powerful in the world. He said the campaign had not yet fully begun its use of conventional gravity bombs weighing 500, 1,000 and 2,000 pounds against military targets.

- The administration says its most powerful conventional bombing effort is still ahead. Although precision-guided weapons were already being used, the secretary said American forces were only beginning to gain the ability to operate over Iran with impunity. He indicated that the campaign would expand as air superiority increased.

- Prominent figures within the America First movement have challenged the justification for the war. The interviewer named Megyn Kelly, Tucker Carlson, Candace Owens and Marjorie Taylor Greene as critics who questioned whether attacking Iran served American interests.

- The secretary justified the campaign by pointing to Iran's decades-long hostility toward the United States. He cited 47 years of Americans being targeted and killed, Iranian missiles and one-way attack drones directed at American bases, Iranian-linked explosive attacks against U.S. troops in Iraq, American deaths in Beirut, and the Iranian regime's anti-American ideology.

- Iranian explosive attacks had personally affected the secretary's generation of American military personnel. He recalled colleagues returning from Iraq without arms or legs after being targeted by Iranian explosive formed penetrators (EFPs). He argued that the United States should not indefinitely tolerate Iranian weapons threatening its bases and personnel.

- The administration argues that Iran's nuclear ambitions remain a threat despite the previous destruction of its nuclear facilities. The secretary endorsed Trump's claim that American strikes had obliterated Iran's nuclear program during Operation Midnight Hammer, conducted at the end of the 12-day war. However, he acknowledged that destroying facilities had not necessarily ended Iran's determination to develop nuclear weapons.

- The secretary said Iran should have abandoned its nuclear ambitions after Operation Midnight Hammer. He argued that Iran should have recognized the seriousness of American military action and agreed not to pursue nuclear weapons. Its failure to do so reinforced Trump's assessment that the threat would continue growing.

- The United States has not disclosed how it intends to deal with Iran's highly enriched uranium. Asked whether American objectives could be achieved without locating, obtaining and extracting the material, the secretary said there were several ways to address the nuclear threat. He declined to explain whether the United States would seize or destroy it.

- The administration is deliberately keeping its military options and operational limits secret. Questions about ground troops, operational timelines of two, four or six weeks, and possible escalation were met with refusals to disclose plans. The secretary said Iran should be left guessing about what Trump might authorize.

- The secretary maintained that no American ground forces were currently inside Iran, while refusing to rule out future deployments. When asked about overt or covert forces, he initially declined to disclose such information if forces existed. Pressed on his earlier statement that there were none, he said that remained the answer but emphasized that the administration reserved every option, including boots on the ground.

- Supporting potential future Iranian leaders is not an additional formal mission for the Department of War. Trump had expressed interest in protecting people who might eventually assume leadership in Iran. The secretary said the best protection for such individuals was the ongoing American and Israeli military campaign.

- The administration is presenting the conflict as a generational opportunity for the Iranian population. The secretary said the Iranian people would ultimately decide what happened inside their country. He referred to Trump's message that their time would come, while warning that they should not act prematurely while American and Israeli bombs were still falling.

- The involvement of Kurdish forces is not part of the American mission. The interviewer said Kurdish groups were assembling in northern Iraq and approaching the Iranian border, potentially considering an intervention. The secretary said any decision by other groups to take advantage of the situation was their own responsibility and not part of the U.S. operation.

- The administration would not disclose whether it was coordinating with Kurdish or other armed groups. Although the secretary said Kurdish participation was outside the stated mission, he refused to identify which groups the United States might or might not coordinate with.

- Israeli intelligence reportedly helped identify the whereabouts of Ali Khamenei and members of his inner circle before the conflict. The interviewer cited reporting that Benjamin Netanyahu supplied key intelligence on February 23, which the CIA subsequently checked and confirmed. The information was described as a potential opportunity that precipitated the war.

- The secretary confirmed that intelligence from Israel and the United States is checked by American intelligence agencies. He said operations can begin when a particular intelligence development or set of conditions creates an opportunity to act. However, he emphasized that the United States retained control over whether and when to proceed.

- The administration rejects the argument that the campaign was launched because of an operational opportunity rather than an imminent threat. The secretary dismissed the distinction as academic, pointing to decades of Iranian hostility, continuing nuclear ambitions and expanding missile capabilities. He argued that Iran's conventional missile buildup was also intended to shield its nuclear ambitions.

- The administration considers Iran's missile arsenal an independent threat even if its nuclear program has been damaged. The secretary argued that missiles provide Iran with conventional protection and the ability to threaten American personnel and interests. Allowing that capability to continue growing would create a larger future danger.

- The secretary distinguishes the current campaign from conventional regime-change wars. He rejected the idea that America was attempting to remake Iranian society through hundreds of thousands of troops, occupation and Western-style institution-building. He argued that the United States had already experienced the failures of that approach in Iraq and Afghanistan.

- The secretary criticized the ambition to transform Afghanistan into a Western-style democracy. Recalling his experience as a young captain, he described the effort to build Jeffersonian democracy, Western institutions and Western-style security forces in a society he characterized as fundamentally different. He said the approach was unrealistic, without questioning the courage of American personnel who served there.

- The administration says the Iranian regime has been fundamentally weakened, but its objective is not American-directed reconstruction of Iranian society. The interviewer pointed out that the regime had effectively changed despite the administration's insistence that this was not a regime-change war. The secretary maintained that the distinction concerned the method and scope of American involvement, not an attempt to install a Western-style political system.

- The stated objective is to eliminate the Iranian threat and give the president maximum strategic flexibility. The secretary described the campaign as swift, overwhelming military action intended to remove the danger rather than secure a temporary concession. He said the result would provide Trump with more options and decision-making freedom in protecting American interests.

- Trump's reference to Venezuela as a model does not mean Iran and Venezuela are considered identical. The secretary acknowledged that the countries have different political and strategic circumstances. He described Venezuela instead as an example of American pressure producing a favorable outcome against an adversary in the Western Hemisphere.

- The administration is promoting the Venezuela operation as evidence that American power can transform an adversarial relationship. The secretary said the United States had established officials and an embassy in Venezuela, was rebuilding relationships, ensuring oil passed through proper processes and expelling Iranians. He described the former adversary as becoming a strategic opportunity for Washington.

- The secretary said Venezuela had become an example of an outcome that many people previously considered impossible. He noted that only two months earlier, people had questioned whether the United States could achieve such an outcome. He argued that the results demonstrated the effectiveness of Trump's willingness to exercise American power.

- The Venezuela comparison had also surfaced in closed-door congressional briefings. The secretary recalled senators asking whether Iran could end up like Venezuela. He clarified that the comparison had been raised as an observation and that he had not provided a detailed answer during that discussion.

- The administration is advancing Trump's interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine, called the Donroe Doctrine. The secretary described it as an active effort to confront threats and adversaries in America's own hemisphere rather than tolerate them as previous administrations had allegedly done.

- The United States is building a regional coalition against drug cartels. The secretary referred to an America's Counter Cartel Conference held the previous day, bringing together countries from Central America, South America and the Caribbean. The initiative was presented as part of Trump's broader policy of applying American power to longstanding security problems.

- The Strait of Hormuz remains a major military and economic concern. The interviewer asked how the United States would restore commercial shipping through the strait when vessels were stationary and Iranian boats or coastal gun positions could still threaten passage.

- The secretary claimed that the Iranian navy had largely been destroyed. He said American firepower had substantially reduced Iran's naval power-projection capabilities, although additional Iranian boats would still need to be sunk.

- The United States intends to continue targeting Iranian naval assets and coastal threats. The secretary said American aircraft were increasingly able to operate over Iran with impunity and would use precision-guided munitions against selected targets, including remaining Iranian boats.

- The administration says its supply of precision-guided munitions is sufficient for the campaign. The secretary described American supplies as effectively unlimited in the context of the operation and said the military was only six days into the campaign. He expected additional options to become available over time to secure critical waterways.

- The secretary acknowledged that restoring safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz would require continued military action. He said the United States intended to safeguard critical shipping routes and ensure vessels could move without Iranian interference.

- The administration is attempting to prevent the conflict from triggering a global oil shock. The secretary said the energy, treasury and interior secretaries had extensive industry experience and relationships. He also said American allies and partners were prepared to participate in efforts to reduce disruption.

- Trump is prepared to continue the military campaign even if energy prices become uncomfortable. Asked whether Americans might have to tolerate higher oil and gas prices for a period, the secretary said the economic consequences would be managed but would not become a limiting factor in achieving the military objective.

- The administration says any energy-market disruption will occur only after mitigation efforts. The secretary emphasized that the government would not take economic consequences lightly and claimed that the best available team was working to minimize them. Nevertheless, he described eliminating Iran's ability to project military power as a generational objective of greater strategic importance.

- The secretary defended the precision of American military operations while emphasizing their destructive capacity. He said the campaign would combine overwhelming lethality with precision in selecting and attacking military targets.

- An investigation remains open into a strike on a girls' school in Iran. The interviewer asked whether the United States had been involved, intentionally or accidentally. The secretary said the investigation was continuing and declined to provide any conclusion.

- The secretary insisted that the United States does not deliberately target civilians. He contrasted American conduct with that of Iran and said the United States did not target civilian populations.

- Reports from two officials had suggested likely American involvement in the school strike. Asked whether those reports were false, the secretary repeated that the investigation was ongoing. He also declined to confirm that the United States was definitively uninvolved, despite being asked whether he would say so if that were established.

- The United States says it is prepared to help regional allies replenish missile interceptors. The interviewer cited reporting that some allied countries were running low on defensive interceptors. The secretary said Washington had planned for this possibility and was very prepared to assist.

- Admiral Cooper reported that Iranian missile launches had fallen approximately 90% from their earlier peak. The secretary used this reduction to argue that the demand for defensive interceptors would also decrease as Iranian missile capabilities were degraded.

- The United States says its ammunition reserves exceed projected operational requirements. The secretary said American forces had sufficient supplies and could transfer ammunition to allies if necessary, while ensuring that American troops, bases and personnel received priority.

- Destroying Iran's missile launchers is a central component of the American campaign. The secretary said Iran had a limited number of launchers and compared missiles without launchers to thousands of bullets without a gun. Destroying the launchers removes the ability to use the remaining ammunition.

- Iranian missile launchers are vulnerable because they must expose themselves to fire. The secretary explained that Iranian forces have to reveal launcher positions when conducting attacks, creating opportunities for American forces to locate and destroy them.

- The American targeting strategy extends beyond launchers to the entire Iranian weapons supply chain. The secretary described a sequence involving missile launchers, existing missiles, missile production facilities and drones. Reducing these capabilities should also reduce the number of interceptors required to defend American and allied forces.

- The administration says it has no immediate ammunition concerns. The secretary stated that military projections were clear and that the United States was prepared to sustain the campaign.

- The defense industrial base is being expanded to support prolonged military requirements. The secretary said he had spent the preceding month on an Arsenal of Freedom tour, visiting defense contractors to ensure that they were delivering weapons and equipment.

- The administration is demanding faster, larger and cheaper defense production. The secretary said upcoming discussions with contractors would focus on delivering equipment at greater speed and scale while keeping costs under control.

- The Pentagon is issuing long-term demand signals to defense manufacturers. The secretary said contractors were being given visibility into years of future requirements for critical munitions so that production capacity and national stockpiles could expand.

- Trump is proposing a $1.5 trillion defense budget for the following year. The secretary presented the spending proposal as part of the effort to ensure that American military ammunition and equipment remain sufficient for a more dangerous international environment.

- Drone warfare has become a central feature of modern military conflict. The secretary pointed to the wars in Ukraine and Russia as evidence that drone technology had advanced exponentially over the previous four or five years.

- Drone dominance is now a top Pentagon priority. The secretary said the United States was rapidly expanding its ability to produce and deploy different categories of drones, including simple systems, attritable drones, one-way attack drones and sophisticated platforms.

- American drones are already being used to hunt Iranian mobile missile launchers. The secretary specifically mentioned Predator drones and said the United States was rapidly expanding its drone capabilities while developing ways to counter Iranian systems.

- The secretary rejected the idea that Iranian drones are necessarily harder to stop. He described them as a different operational problem rather than an inherently more difficult threat.

- American pressure is forcing Iranian forces to adopt a shoot-and-move tactic. The secretary said Iranian operators increasingly have to deploy, fire quickly and relocate before American loitering munitions or other weapons can strike them.

- The pressure on Iranian launch crews is reducing the accuracy and volume of their attacks. According to the secretary, operators forced to relocate quickly have less time to aim and coordinate attacks. Their salvos consequently become less accurate and smaller, creating more opportunities for American forces to intercept them.

- The administration acknowledges that Iranian attacks will still penetrate American and allied defences. The secretary said the reduced volume and accuracy of Iranian attacks did not mean every missile or drone would be stopped.

- American military casualties are expected to continue. Referring to recent losses and the families who would be received at Dover, the secretary said the president had been clear that casualties were inevitable in a conflict of this kind. He warned that more Americans could die.

- The administration intends to publicly honor fallen American personnel. The secretary said the families would be welcomed at Dover Air Force Base and that their sacrifices would be recognized with respect and dignity.

- The secretary argued that American casualties would strengthen rather than weaken the administration's resolve. He said the losses would reinforce the determination to finish the mission rather than persuade Washington to withdraw.

- CENTCOM personnel are expected to reaffirm their commitment to Operation Epic Fury. The secretary referred to a rededication of the mission recognizing the service and sacrifices of American military personnel.

- The secretary repeatedly invoked military superiority and religious protection when discussing the campaign. He claimed American capabilities, military will and personnel were superior to Iran's, adding that he believed God's providence was protecting American troops.

- The secretary openly connected his personal Christian faith with military service. He described himself as a man of faith and said he encouraged American troops to rely on God, particularly when facing combat and the possibility of death.

- The secretary said prayer had been personally important during his own combat missions. He described the proximity of death in combat as making religious faith especially meaningful and said faith helped military personnel understand their mortality and humanity.

- The administration is seeking to strengthen the military chaplain corps. The secretary said the Department of War was working to make the chaplain corps great and active again, with greater attention to the spiritual needs of military personnel.

- The secretary described Christian faith and religion more broadly as important to Trump and the military. He argued that religious belief gives troops perspective during combat and criticized what he called an excessive reliance on self-help and self-esteem approaches to personal development.

- The secretary said he prays for American troops every day. He expressed pride in their conduct and connected his religious beliefs with his responsibility for their welfare.

- The secretary rejected the interpretation that his earlier comments about casualty reporting were intended to dismiss American deaths. Asked whether he believed reporting on casualties was designed to make Trump look bad, he said his criticism concerned the media's tendency to focus on negative developments and political attacks.

- The secretary accused sections of the media of treating criticism of Trump as an industry. He argued that reporters and networks often concentrate on mistakes and shortcomings rather than recognizing the scale and professionalism of American military operations.

- The secretary used his own combat experience to explain his sensitivity to military casualties. He pointed to a bracelet he wears as a reminder of fellow servicemen who died, saying their sacrifice made the decisions taken by military leaders deeply personal.

- The secretary attributed high military recruitment to confidence in the current leadership. He argued that service members are motivated by leaders who have experienced military service themselves, understand the risks and will not use personnel recklessly in missions without clear objectives.

- He said troops are more motivated when leadership provides the authority and resources needed to succeed. He presented this as a contrast with previous military engagements in which American personnel were allegedly committed to unclear missions.

- The secretary defended American military achievements following Operation Midnight Hammer and the Venezuela operation. He argued that the media quickly searched for failures instead of recognizing what the United States had accomplished and the unusual capabilities demonstrated by its armed forces.

- The secretary insisted that reporting American casualties is legitimate and necessary. He acknowledged that deaths must be reported and that journalists should speak with affected families. He rejected the suggestion that such reporting is automatically intended to damage Trump or any president.

- The secretary personally committed to attending the reception of fallen American personnel at Dover. He said he would stand there and salute the servicemen and women, describing them as American heroes whose sacrifices deserved recognition.

- The secretary's broader criticism of war reporting was that negative coverage often overshadows military professionalism and courage. He argued that the United States possesses capabilities no other country can match and that public discussion should recognize those achievements alongside genuine failures and casualties.